The mechanisms behind the quick transition from chaos to order is also pertinent to understanding how animals that take advantage of such group dynamics forage, migrate, and flee from predators.
"Collective motion is everywhere around us," said study leader Jerome Buhl at the University of Sydney, Australia. "We are all familiar with the sight of ants forming endless lines on their trails, clouds of birds or fish schools moving in a perfect synchrony and even humans at the busy hours of an underground station or of a ring road."
Theoretical models had previously predicted that animals go through a phase transition that goes from disorder to order when trying to align with their neighbors.
Buhl and colleagues decided to put the idea to the test by placing locusts in an arena and filming them as they joined each other to form a group.
When there were a few of them together, they did not coalesce. As the group grew to 10 to 25 members, the locusts got closer to each other, but still did not move in unison.
It was only when the researchers placed about 30 locusts in the arena that the insects fell into a line and started moving in the same direction.
They had reached their "tipping point."
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The main advantage seems to be that it is safer to gang together than try to go it alone," said study team member Stephen Simpson, also from the University of Sydney. "When population density increases to the extent that you can no longer remain inconspicuous on your own, you are safer from predators in a crowd. Once you are in a crowd, you must keep moving to find food—or become food."
http://www.livescience.com/animals/0606 ... swarm.html