https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/201 ... story.htmlSince Ebola springs from contact with forest animals — monkeys and fruit bats — it is has always cropped up in isolated places that were easy to quarantine. In 1976, Ebola’s first victims came from villages, where people struggled to afford bus fare, let alone a flight. It was easy for epidemiologists to track down all the people the “index case” had contact with.
But today, Ebola spreads in slums, where people have flocked from all over the country to find jobs. They can return to their rural villages just as easily, carrying the virus.
In 1976, doctors went door to door, explaining in the native tongue why loved ones shouldn’t be touched at their funerals, why their blankets must be burned. Local people, who’d experienced smallpox, understood. They kept the sick in make-shift structures outside their villages, and sent survivors of the illness, who’d built up antibodies, to care for them.
But in Monrovia’s overcrowded slums, there’s no room to isolate the sick.
Ebola might seem like that rare instance where city life — civilization, if you will — is hazardous to your health. Most of us assume that urbanization represents an improvement over hunter-gatherers in the forest or farmers in the countryside.
But some anthropologists argue the opposite.
Mark Cohen, author of the 1989 book “Health and the Rise of Civilization,” studied the skeletal remains of ancient people, and concluded that hunter-gathers were taller, better fed, and healthier than their more “civilized” counterparts. That’s because cities were rife with infectious disease, poor sanitation, and malnutrition.
In the year 542, about 10,000 people a day were said to have died from the bubonic plague in Constantinople. In the 1600s, in London, about 66 percent of all deaths could be attributed to infectious diseases, including a form of tuberculosis called “The King’s Evil,” according to the book “Yellow Fever, Black Goddess: The Coevolution of People and Plagues.”
While it is true that the wealthy benefited greatly from cities, which brought luxuries that had never been experienced before, the living conditions of poor city dwellers was often far worse than their rural ancestors.
This is the situation today for the shantytowns of Monrovia.