onlooker wrote:It seems that the mental health of people around the world is not good and I believe it is a reflection of the current situation in the world. We have so much inequality economically, we have still violence and wars, we have oppressive governments, we have extreme poverty among other things. In this context I believe people are feeling anxious, depressed, frustrated and angry. Plus, it seems that normal people cannot get the authorities to really act to address our overriding concerns relative to environment, economy etc.
Pops wrote:I look back at some of my decisions, actions, perceptions, worries, goals, etc, etc, and wonder "what was I thinking?" From this vantage, of almost 58 years, some of them seem more than a little misguided, dysfunctional, and wound up as greatly wasted time and effort.
Individuals with a higher level of moral reasoning skills showed increased gray matter in the areas of the brain implicated in complex social behavior, decision making, and conflict processing as compared to subjects at a lower level of moral reasoning, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in collaboration with a researcher from Charité Universitätsmediz in Berlin, German.
Moral development research pioneered by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg in the mid-20th century shows that people progress through different stages of moral reasoning as their cognitive abilities mature.
A total of 67 MBA students were administered the Defining Issue Test to determine which pattern of thought or behavior, known as cognitive schema, each student used when reasoning about moral issues. In it, students were presented with complex moral dilemmas such as medical assisted suicide and asked them to choose the relevance of each of 12 given rationales. Based on the results, subjects were then assigned to one of seven schema types which represent increasing levels of moral development.
Subjects also underwent personality testing and were placed into one of the following categories: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Analysis showed higher scores in openness to experience and lower scores in neuroticism for participants at the more advanced levels of moral development.
With regard to brain structure, the team observed increased gray matter in the prefrontal cortex in subjects who reached the post-conventional level of moral reasoning compared to those who are still at a pre-conventional and conventional level. In other words, gray matter volume was correlated with the subject's degree of post-conventional thinking.
Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
1. Obedience and punishment orientation
(How can I avoid punishment?)
2. Self-interest orientation
(What's in it for me?)
(Paying for a benefit)
Level 2 (Conventional)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity
(Social norms)
(The good boy/girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(Law and order morality)
Level 3 (Post-Conventional)
5. Social contract orientation
6. Universal ethical principles
(Principled conscience)
Timo wrote:"Might explain some of the differences of opinion on the board."
Indeed. 50 shades of grey matter!
I had a traumatic brain injury 6 years back. Lucky to be alive, actually. Cognitive processing skills are still in recovery.
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